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( 16th
century - 17th century - 18th
century - more
centuries)
Events
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Union of the Crowns of Scotland and England
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Scottish and English Protestants sent to colonize Ireland, as reaction
to Catholicism there
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The English
Civil War (1642-1651).
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The
Deluge: series of wars and civil wars in Poland with Sweden, Russia,
Prussia and Transylvania which caused Poland to lose power status and began
rise of Russia to power status.
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Antwerp merchants established the Dutch
East India Company in 1602, embarking on colonial expansion based on
shareholdership rather than royal control
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The Dutch republic became the dominant economic and political power in
Europe. It also underwent crashes, e.g. the windhandel in tulips
led to many bankruptcies in 1637
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Republic of the Seven United Netherlands gains formal independence from
Spain in 1648. Dutch merchant ships sail all over the world, leading to
a Golden Age in the country, which also shows by the many famous Dutch
painters living in this age.
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Major changes in philosophy and science take place, often characterised
as the Scientific
revolution.
Significant people
-
William
Shakespeare, author and poet
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Isaac
Newton, physicist and mathematician
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Gottfried
Leibniz, philosopher and mathematician
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Galileo
Galilei, scientist
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René
Descartes, philosopher and mathematician
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Blaise
Pascal, theologian, mathematician and physicist.
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Baruch
Spinoza, philosopher
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Thomas
Hobbes, philosopher
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John
Locke, philosopher
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Oliver
Cromwell, Lord Protector of England
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Christina
of Sweden, high profile catholic convert, matron of arts
Inventions, Discoveries, Introductions
-
Calculus is invented and used to formulate classical mechanics.
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Cannon and gunpowder technology refined.
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First measurement of the speed of light, 1676.
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