Sweers Island History by Peter Saenger

• Tindale. N.B. (1962a) 'Geographical knowledge of the Kaiadilt people of Bentinck  Island, Queensland.' Records of South Aust. Museum. Adelaide 14: 252-296; Tindale.  N.B. [1962b) 'Some population changes among the Kaiadilt people of Bentinck Island.  Queensland.' Records of South Aust. Museum. Adelaide 14: 297-336.
• Saenger. P. and M.S. Hopkins (1975) 'Observations on the mangroves of the south-eastern Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia' First Intern. Symp. Biology & Management of Mangroves. University of Florida, p. 133
• Whitehouse (1977) J1. Royal i-list. Sec. Qd. 10(2): 114-134 at p. 125
• Whitehouse  (1977) p. 125
• Whitehouse (1977) p. 125
• Robert, W.C.H. (1973) The Dutch Explorations 1605-1756 of Australia Philo Press,       Amsterdam, p. 37
• Robert (1973) p. 45
• Cilento and Lack Triumph In the Tropics' p. 17
• Sharpe, A p.334 to Feeken, E.H.J. and C.E.E. Feeken (1970) 'The discovery and exploration of Australia' Nelson, Melbourne.
• Feeken, E.H.J. adn G.E.E Feeken (1790) 'The discovery and exploration of Australia' Nelson, Melbourne.
• During his 1642 voyage around Tasmania, Tasman did name an island group in Tasmania as 'Sweers Eylanden' after Cornelius Sweers, one of the Councillors who had authorised his expedition.
• Macknight C.C., 1976. The voyages to Marege: Macassan trepangers in northern Australla' MUP, pp. 175.
• As suggested, for example, in Captain Pennefather's report in 1880.
• Robert (1973) p.45
• Robert Brown's journal as transcribed from a microfilm copy held by the National Herbarium in Canberra
• Flinders, M. 1814. 'xxxxx xxxxx' pp. 137-8
• Austin, KA (1974) The voyage of the INVESTIGATOR' Seal Books, p. 164
• Robert Brown's journal
• Fitton. W.H. (1827) 'An account of some geological specimens, collected by Captain P.P. King, in his survey of the coasts of Australia, and by Robert Brown, Esq., on the shores of the Gulf of Carpentaria, during the voyage of Captain Flinders.' Appendix C in P.P. King 'Narrative ....." pp. 556-630. 
• Fitton p. 570-571
• Fitton p. 609
• Stokes p. 268
• Stokes p. 269
• Flinder's 'Investigators Road'
• Stokes pp. 270-271
• Stokes p. 271
• Knight (1898) p. 7
• According to Queensland Museum; on the other hand. Reed. A.W. (1973) 'Place Names of Australia' at p. 204 suggests under the entry for Sweers Island that 'The 'Investigator Tree' on this island was one of the most famous trees in Australia. Dutch and Chinese navigators had left inscriptions on it at various times.
• Palmer. E. (1903) 'Early days in North Queensland" Angus Br Robertson. Sydney. p. 26
• Austin (1974) p. 50
•  facing p. 129
• According to Knight. J.J. (1895) 'In the early days - History and incident of Pioneer Queensland' Sapsford & Co., Brisbane. p. 7 this inscription read T. Devine'.
• Palmer (1983) p. 26
• Reed(1973) p. 204
• Historical Records of Australia, Vol. XX pp.386-389
• Kirby (1868) p.14
• Waterson. D.B.. 1972. 'A biographical register of the Queensland Parliament. 1860-1929' ANU Press, Cambridge, at p. 127
• G.P. (1946) 'Historic Island of the Gulf Cummin & Campbell's Monthly Magazine (September 1946) pp. 7 and 41.
• Reed. A.W. (1973) 'Place Names of Australia' at p. 204 
• G.K (1946) at p. 7
• Roth. W.E. (1901) 'Report on a visit to some of the Wellesley Islands. Handwritten report dated Burketown 6.7.01 and submitted to Home Secretary's Office 25 Jul 1901. pp. 14 + map
• Stokes pp. 271-272
• Stokes p. 273
• Stokes p. 274
• given as a footnote on p. 330 of Stokes
• Chimmo. W. (1857) 'Voyage of H.M.S.V. Torch' Reprinted from the Nautical Magazine, London 1857. p. 15; see also Chimmo, W. [1856) 'Account of the search for the North Australian Exploring Expedition under Mr. AC. Gregory.' Proc. R Geogr. Sec. London, Vol. 1. [ML 910.6 R]
• Chimmo (l857) p. 18 A small sketch of the tree is provided by Chimmo at p. 19
• A small sketch of the tree is provided by Chimmo at p.19
• although the name 'Chimmo' was Inscribed
• Chimmo (1857) pp. 18-19
• Chimmo (1857) pp. 19-20
• Chimmo (1857) p. 19
• Chimmo (1857] pp. 19-20
• Chimmo (1857) p. 20
• Connell, G. (1980j The Mystery of Ludwig Leichhardt' MUP, pp. 32-33
• Gregory, A.C. (1884) 'Journals of Australian Exploration' p. 172
• Braddon. R (1986) Thomas Baines and the North Australian Expedition' Collins, p. 117
• Braddon, R (1986) p. 117
• Dawson, W. 'Memorandum of events on the North Australian Expedition under the command of Augustus C. Gregory ML FM4/3096. 
• Dawson ML FM4/3096
• Dawson ML FM4/3096
• Braddon. R (1986) p. 136
• Baines. Thomas - Journal 1856-7 - ML FM4/ 1373
• Braddon. p. 138
• Baines Journal - ML FM4/ 1373
• Baines. T. (1857) 'Additional notes on the North Australian Expedition under Mr. A.C. Gregory. Proc. R Geogr. Sec. London Vol .2. pp. 3-16. [ML 910.6 R]
• Consisting of W.Landsborough. G.Bourne, H.N.Campbell, W.Allison, W.Gleeson (cook). two native troopers and two aborigines (Charlie. Jemmy, Fisherman and Jacky).
•  McInnes, A  (1985) 'The last Voyages of FIREFLY and Captain Kirby' R.Hist.Soc. Q.  pp.264-282
• Based on a translation of Henne's diary as reported Diedrich Henne,          Botanical Collector' by W.T. Johnston (1970) in the Bulletins (No. 133 and 134) of the Historical Society, Cairns, North Queensland
• Kirby, T. (1862) 'Narrative of a voyage from Melbourne to the Gulf of Carpentaria' p. 12
• Bourne. G. (1862) 'Journal of Landsborough Expedition from Carpentaria, in search of Burke and Wills.' H.T. Dwight, Melbourne [ML 042 P520]
• W. Landsborough papers [OM 69.030]
• Bourne. op. cit.
• 'Report of Commander Norman of H.M.C.s. VICTORIA: together with a copy of his journal on the late expedition to the Gulf of Carpentaria'. 1862. Parliamentary Papers, Melbourne, p. 14
• W. Landsborough papers [OM 69.030]
• Laurie, J.S. (Editor) 'Landsborough's exploration of Australia from Carpentaria to Melbourne' J. Marshall and F. Laurie, London. pp. 9-10.
• Kirby (1862) pp. 10-11
• Bourne. op. cit.
• Pike (1978) p.91 erroneously refers to Chimmo's ship as the SANDFLY.
• Bourne. op.
• Bourne. op. cit.
• Bourne. op. cit.
• Norman (1862). p. 14
• W. Landsborough papers [OM 69.030]
• 'Report of Commander Norman of H.M.C.S. VICTORIA. p. 17
• Clune, F. (1971) 'Dig - The Burke & Wills Saga' Angus B1 Robertson, p. 146
• 'Report of Commander Norman of H.M.C.S. VICTORIA, p. 4
• W.T. Johnston (1970)
• Clune (1971) p. 130 gives his name as "Horzfeldt, a German" while Norman (1862) p.22 gives It as "John Horsfeldt, who is afflicted with fistula".
• W.T. Johnston (1970)
• W.T. Johnston [1970)
• W.T. Johnston (1970)
• W.T. Johnston I1970)
• Blake, S.T.. (1968) 'A revision of Melaleuca leucodendron and its allies'. Contr. Qd. Herb. No. 1, p. 37 records Melaleuca viridiflora from Sweers Island
• Blake (1968) at p.48 records Melaleuca argentea from the Albert River
• W.T. Johnston (1970)
• W.T. Johnston [1970)
• W.T. Johnston (1970)
• Report of Commander Norman of H.M.C.S. VICTORIA, p. 27 
• W.T. Johnston (1970)
• McInnes (1985) p. 279
• T.C. White to Colonial Secretary: QSA Col/470 2298/1865
• ibid page 2
• Port Denison Times. December 9, 1865
• Port Denison Times. April 11. 1866
• Pike (1978) p. 174
• W. Landsborough papers [OM 69.030]
• Port Denison Times, April 25, 1866
• George Phillips 1935.'Earnest Henry. The discoverer, and principal prospector of the Cloncurry Mineral District of North-West Queensland.' Journ Hist. Sec. Qd. 2:97-120 at p. 108.
• papers of Earnest Henry held by Royal Historical Society of Queensland at p. 154m.
• Port Denison Times. April 29, 1866
• Papers of Earnest Henry held by Royal Historical Society of Queensland at p.155n.
• W. Landsborough typed journal [OM 69.030]
• Papers of Earnest Henry held by Royal Historical Society of Queensland at p.155n
• W. Landsborough typedjournal [OM 69.030]
• W. Landsborough typedjournal [OM 69.030]
• Papers of Earnest Henry held by Royal Historical Society of Queensland at p.1560.
•  W. Landsborough typed journal [OM 69.030]
• Papers of Earnest Henry held by Royal Historical Society of Queensland at p. 156r. 
• Landsborough to Minister for Lands and Works: QSA Col/AS1/1977/1866
• W. Landsborough typed journal [OM 69.030]
• W. Landsborough typed journal [OM 69.030]
• QSA Col/A82/2175/1866
• W. Landsborough typed journal [OM 69.030]
• W. Landsborough typedjournal [OM 69.030]
• W. Landsborough typed journal [OM 69.030]
• Letters by G. Phillips, 11 June 1866 - 2 Oct. 1867. Manuscript collection held by the Royal Historical Society of Queensland.
• Death certificate extracted 14 June 1983
• Pers. comm. Laurie Gaffney 21/10/91
• Londy, J. (1983) Wrecks on the Queensland Coast Vol. 1 1791-1900. p. 37
• Pike. p. 201
• ML MSS 1279/12 item 4
• From the lists of  Queendsland  Government  employees  published  in the annual 'Blue Boobs'.
• Letter to Shepherd Smith Esq. dated 20 Feb. 1867 in Burketown. Letters by G. Phillips. 11 June 1866-2 Oct. 1867. Manuscript collection held by the Royal Historical Society of Queensland.
• Like its earlier namesake, the steam tender FIREFLY sank in the waters of the Gulf of Carpentaria (as a result of a collision with the EAGLE).
• 'Account of a voyage to Adams Bay in SS Eagle Capt. Cadell by Dugald Robinson, Carpenter' [OM 67.018] p. 74
• OM 67.018 p. 76
• OM 67.018 p. 80
• 'Australian Botanists' Manuscript in ANL IANL -RAS 581.0922 A 938 Vol. 2 - unpag. ] 
• From the lists of Queensland Government employees published in the annual 'Blue Books'.
• 140. Letters by G. Phillips. 31 Oct. 1867 - 18 Jan. 1869. Manuscript collection held by the Royal Historical Society of Queensland.
• 141. Hutchison. R (1988) 'Matthew Flinders' in: 'In the steps of our forefathers' Institution of Surveyors. Brisbane. pp. 49-51.
• 142. Pike (1978) p. 184
• 143. Pike (1978) p. 185
• 145. Loney, J. (1983) Wrecks on the Queensland Coast. Vol 1: 1791-1900' p. 39
• 146. Holthouse. H. (1970) 'Cannibal Cargoes' Seal Books, p. 41
• 147. Papers of Earnest Henry the explorer [OM 7716]
• 148. Hutchison (1988) p.50
• 149. Pike (1978) p. 176
• 150. Skinner L.E. (xxxx) Inquiry into Sweers Island Shootings in 1872. Cairns Historical Society xx:xx-xx. Referenced as "Reports of J.G. Macdonald's visits to the Gulf;'Port Denison Times' Referred to by Britten in Campfire Tales, North Queensland Register, 1942"
• 151. Letter to Minister for Lands from the Chief Inspector of Sheep, dated Brisbane 22 February 1869: QSA LAN/A15 1512/1869
• 152. Approval note attached to letter to Minister for Lands from the Chief Inspector of Sheep: QSA LAN/A15 1512/1869
• 153. Loney, J. (1983) Wrecks on the Queensland Coast Vol. 1 1791-1900. p. 41
• 154. Contract for Sale - ML MSS 1279/12 item 49
• 155. Letter to author (dated 31st August, 1990) from J.C. van Drecht, Vice-Consul. Consulate General of the Netherlands
• 156. Amstel. J.W. Ploos van, 'Verslag eener reis van den Nederlandschen Consul-Generaal Melbourne. aan boord van Zr. Ms. stoomshlp CURACAO. langs de oost-en noordkust van Australie, in Julfj October, 1871.'
• 157. Amstel. J.W. Ploos van, op cit.. p. 46-72
• 158. Golding. W.R (1979) 'Beyond Horizons' Brisbane Wholesale Book and Library Suppliers, Brisbane. pp. 80-82
• 159. Palmer. p. 165
• 160. Skinner. op. cit.
• 161. From the lists of Queensland Government employees published in the annual 'Blue Books'.
• 162. Golding. op. cit. p. 82
• 163. Skinner. op. clt.
• 164. QSA Col/A182 1873/849
• 165. Skinner, op. cit.
• 166. From the lists of Queendsland Government employees published in the annual'Blue Books'.
• 167. TRE/B9 1874-75 37/1875
• 168. Letter to Colonial Treasurer from William Thornton, Collector of Customs: QSA TRE/A1S 2645/ 1877
• 169. From the lists of Queensland Government employees published in the annual 'Blue Books'.
• 170.  Inquest into death by drowning held at Normanton on 2 December 1878 (JUS/N61 322/1878)
• 171. TRE/B 1880-81 1582/1880
• 172. TRE/B 1880-81 48/1881
• 173. Pennefather, C. (1880) 'Explorations In the Gulf of Carpentaria, and surveys in the vicinity of Point Barker' Report to the Colonial Secretary dated 28th October 1880. p. 1
• 174. Pennefather (1880) p. 1
• 175. Pennefather (1880) p. 1
• 176. Pennefather (1880) p. 1.
• 177. e.g. Palmer. E. (1983) 'Early days In North Queensland'
• 178. Pennefather (1880) p. 1
• 179. Pennefather (1880) p. 1
• 180. Saville-Kent. W. (1893) The Great Barrier Reef of Australia: its Products and Potentialities' John Currey. O'Nell Edition, published in 1972, p. 54, plate XXXII
• 181. Saville-Kent (1893) pp. 54-55
• 182. OM 171838 inscribed 'Sweers Is. 1901'
• 183. Letter to author dated 2nd September, 1974
• 184. Blake [1968) pp. 18 and 37
• 185. Roth [1901)
• 186. Loney. J. Wrecks on the Queensland Coast, Vol.2: 1901 - 1986' (1987) p. 4
• 187. Roth. Report to Under Secretary. Department of Public Lands, dated 27 June 1903. QSA A/19898 21347 (M1414)
• 188. Roth, loc. cit. p. II
• 189. Loney.J. Wrecks on the Queensland Coast.Vol·2: 1901 - 1986' (1987) P. 5
• 190. Loney, J. Wrecks on the Queensland Coast, Vo1.2: 1901- 1986' (1987) p.7; however. no island of this name has been located and this is possibly a misspelling of Sweers Island
• 191. Elder. B. (1988) 'Blood on the Wattle - Massacres and Maltreatment of Australian Aborigines since 1788' Child and Associates, p. 164-167
• 192. Memmot 1982 p. 34 quoted in Kelly and Evans (1985)
• 193. Kelly and Evans (1985)
• 194. Roughsey. D. 'Moon and Rainbow - The Autobiography of an Aboriginal' (1977) pp. 28-30
• 195. Roughsey (1977) p. 35
• 196. (1962b) pp. 309-310
• 197. Tindale (1962b) p.334
• 198. Kelly. R and N. Evans (1985) The McKenzie Massacre on Bentinck Island. Aboriginal History 9(1):44-52
• 199. Elder (1988) p. (164)
• 200. Reserve no. 5599. Government Gazette 1934.2.344
• 201. E.D.F. (1942) An Historic Island. Walkabout, October Ist.. p. I.
• 202. Balrd, D. (1976) The Incredible Gulf p. 125: Roughsey (1977) p. 109
• 203. Roughsey (1977) p. 109
• 204. Full documentation in Australian Archives A 705/1 Item 182/1/349
• 205. G.P. (1946)  'Historic Island of the Gulf.' Cummin & Campbell's Monthly Magazine (September 1946) pp. 7 and 41. The similarity (plagiarism) between 'G.P.' (1946) and  'E.D.F.' (1942) should be noted.
• 206. Roughsey (1977) p. 115
• 207. OM 74.034
• 208. Government Gazette 1971.1.846-848
• 209. Courier-Mail 15/12/82
• 210. Bowtell. B. (1989) 'Laison Officer's Report - Gulf of Carpentaria' In: the Queensland Sport and Recreational Fishing Council Annual Report 1988-1989 p. 20.
• 211. Government Gazette 1989.2.2923

Sweers Island History: Contents

Satelite image of Morning Glory clouds with associated upper wave system.

Morning Glory Cloud Photos - Near Burketown 1994